{"id":327,"date":"2017-01-27T11:08:09","date_gmt":"2017-01-27T09:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/?p=327"},"modified":"2024-11-20T23:29:52","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T20:29:52","slug":"pnomatik-tasimada-hava-etkisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/2017\/01\/27\/pnomatik-tasimada-hava-etkisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Pn\u00f6matik Ta\u015f\u0131mada Hava Debisinin Etkileri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bir fan, \u00fcfleyici veya kompres\u00f6r se\u00e7imi muhtemelen pn\u00f6matik bir ta\u015f\u0131ma sisteminin tasar\u0131m\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken en \u00f6nemli kararlardan biridir. Genellikle sermaye harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tek kalemidir ve tesisin potansiyel nakil kapasitesi, yap\u0131lan do\u011fru se\u00e7ime ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Fan, \u00fcfleyici veya kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn derecesi, istenen besleme bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve sa\u011flanacak hacimsel ak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ifade edilir.<\/p>\n

Bu \u015fartnamedeki herhangi bir hata, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecelendirilmi\u015f, istenilen malzeme ak\u0131\u015f oran\u0131na ula\u015famayan bir sistemle sonu\u00e7lanacak veya bir boru hatt\u0131 t\u0131kanmas\u0131na neden olacak ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fey ifade etmeyecektir. Mevcut bir sistem i\u00e7in, \u00f6zellikle i\u015fletme problemlerine rastlan\u0131rsa veya malzeme veya ta\u015f\u0131ma mesafesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde performans\u0131 kontrol etmek gerekir. Burada \u00f6nemli olan ta\u015f\u0131ma hatt\u0131 giri\u015f havas\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131ma hatt\u0131 giri\u015f havas\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi ve hava gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesi, pn\u00f6matik ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemlerinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, t\u00fcm uygun modeller referans amac\u0131yla t\u00fcretilmi\u015f ve sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Genellikle havale denen hava olsa da, malzemeler herhangi bir uygun gaz ile ta\u015f\u0131nabilir. Gerekli hacimsel ak\u0131\u015f oran\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken kullan\u0131lan gaz\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde hesaba katacak sabitler denklemlerine dahildir. Kat\u0131 y\u00fck oran\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yararl\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma parametresi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hava k\u00fctle ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr ve de\u011feri sabit kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcreklilik denklemlerinde \u00f6zellikle yararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pn\u00f6matik Ta\u015f\u0131mada Besleme Bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gerekli sevk bas\u0131nc\u0131 ya da vakum, esas olarak, sevk boru hatt\u0131 uzunlu\u011fu boyunca gerekli olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bas\u0131nc\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Gaz-kat\u0131 ay\u0131rma ayg\u0131t\u0131 boyunca bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fmesi genellikle ihmal edilebilir, ancak bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 tank\u0131 boru hatt\u0131na malzeme beslemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa, besleme ayg\u0131t\u0131 boyunca bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7in bir izin gerekecektir. Herhangi bir hava besleme ve \u00e7ekme hatt\u0131ndaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ve malzemenin boru hatt\u0131 boyunca belirtilen oranda ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken ta\u015f\u0131ma hatt\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir marj\u0131na duyulan ihtiya\u00e7 dikkate al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 hat bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bir pozitif veya negatif bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 sistemi i\u00e7in olsun, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, ta\u015f\u0131ma mesafesine ve malzemenin ta\u015f\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131 y\u00fcklenme oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir fan veya \u00fcfleyici ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u0131sa mesafe seyrek faz tatmin edicidir, ancak yo\u011fun faz iletimi veya uzun mesafe iletimi i\u00e7in, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 veya vidal\u0131 bir kompres\u00f6r gerekecektir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, ta\u015f\u0131ma gaz\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131na ve ta\u015f\u0131nan materyal ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pn\u00f6matik Ta\u015f\u0131mada Hacimsel Ak\u0131\u015f Oran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fan, \u00fcfleyici veya kompres\u00f6rden gereken hacimsel ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, malzemenin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan h\u0131z\u0131n ve kullan\u0131lacak boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n bir kombinasyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Borular ve ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 genellikle Standart ebatlarda mevcuttur, ancak h\u0131z \u00e7ok net tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n ucundaki h\u0131z belirlenebilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7o\u011funlukla kompres\u00f6rlerin ‘serbest hava verildi’ olarak derecelendirilmesi ve pozitif bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 sistemlerde boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n ucundaki bas\u0131n\u00e7, \u00e7o\u011fu uygulamada, bu ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in atmosferikli\u011fe yeterince yak\u0131n olacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, \u00e7izgi ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndaki h\u0131z tasar\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in belirlenmelidir. Sorun, havan\u0131n ve malzemelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer herhangi bir gaz\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131\u015fabilir olmas\u0131 ve yo\u011funlu\u011funun ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hacimsel ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan etkilenmesi sorunudur.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer tesis deniz seviyesinde de\u011filse, y\u00fckselmenin etkisi de hesaba kat\u0131labilir. Bas\u0131nca kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015fabilirlik sonucunda kademeli boru hatlar\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve bunlar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Negatif bas\u0131n\u00e7 sistemlerinde, ta\u015f\u0131ma hatt\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndaki hava yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131na ve nakil hatt\u0131n\u0131n egzostere olan uzunlu\u011fu boyunca azal\u0131r. Bu nedenle, bu t\u00fcrden ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi i\u00e7in belirtilmesi gereken minimum h\u0131z, serbest hava ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bununla birlikte, egzoz gaz\u0131, genellikle, hava hareket ettiricisine \u00e7ekilen havan\u0131n hacimsel ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, serbest hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belirtilmedi\u011finden, pozitif bas\u0131n\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, hava ak\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde as\u0131l olarak ayn\u0131 problemdir .<\/p>\n

Pn\u00f6matik Ta\u015f\u0131mada H\u0131z\u0131n Etkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir ta\u015f\u0131ma hatt\u0131 genellikle belirli bir ak\u0131\u015f oran\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Malzeme ak\u0131\u015f oran\u0131, kat\u0131 y\u00fck y\u00fckleme oran\u0131 ve hava k\u00fctle ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ile e\u015fitlenebilir. Hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131, hava h\u0131z\u0131 ve boru deli\u011fi ile orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 parametrenin de kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn derecelendirilmesi \u00fczerinde etkisi olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, do\u011fru hava dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 spesifikasyonunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn derecesini ve malzeme ak\u0131\u015f oran\u0131n\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan \u00e7e\u015fitli parametreler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, \u015eekil 1’de g\u00f6sterilen yol analizi ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u015eekil 1, hem hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 hem de kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn hacimsel ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011finden, bu ili\u015fkide hava h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu, ta\u015f\u0131nan havan\u0131n neden pn\u00f6matik ta\u015f\u0131mada en \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fkenlerden biri oldu\u011funu ve neden olduk\u00e7a hassas bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmesi gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Seyreltik bir faz ta\u015f\u0131ma sisteminde h\u0131z \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, ta\u015f\u0131nan malzemenin s\u00fcspansiyondan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp boru hatt\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6te yandan h\u0131z \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olursa, boru hatt\u0131ndaki e\u011filmeler malzeme a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131ysa bozulur ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur ve par\u00e7ac\u0131klar k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r malzeme d\u00fc\u015fer. H\u0131z ayr\u0131ca, ta\u015f\u0131ma hatt\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir boru hatt\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nan materyalin k\u00fctle ak\u0131\u015f oran\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu nedenle, h\u0131z aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle seyrek faz sistemlerinde, yakla\u015f\u0131k en az 15 m \/ s ile maksimum 30 m \/ s aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen nispeten daralmaktad\u0131r. Yo\u011fun faz iletimi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma hatt\u0131 giri\u015f havas\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 3 m \/ s gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olabilir, ancak bu, malzemenin iletildi\u011fi kat\u0131 y\u00fcklenme oran\u0131na ve ta\u015f\u0131nan malzemenin niteli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0131z minimum de\u011ferin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferse, boru hatt\u0131 t\u0131kanabilir. Bu nedenle, herhangi bir ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi i\u00e7in belirtilen hacimsel hava ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi boyunca gerekli minimum h\u0131z de\u011ferini muhafaza etmek i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

Pn\u00f6matik ta\u015f\u0131ma uygulamalar\u0131<\/a> nda ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 hava h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n ve hacimsel hava ak\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde, her durumda materyalin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmedi\u011fine dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015f\u0131yan hava h\u0131z\u0131 esas olarak, ta\u015f\u0131nabilen herhangi bir partik\u00fcl\u00fc dikkate almadan hacimsel ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n boru kesit alan\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilen y\u00fczeysel de\u011ferdir. Seyrek faz ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131da ve kat\u0131 y\u00fck oran\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011ferlerinde, ta\u015f\u0131nan malzemenin etkisi bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemsiz bir etkiye sahip olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, kat\u0131 y\u00fck oran\u0131n\u0131n 100 oldu\u011fu durumda, malzeme atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131nda hacmin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 10’unu i\u015fgal edecek ve bu nedenle ger\u00e7ek hava h\u0131z\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 10 daha y\u00fcksek olacakt\u0131r. Artan hava bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131nda ve kat\u0131 y\u00fcklenme oranlar\u0131nda, y\u00fczde fark\u0131 buna g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek hava h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k ve zaman al\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r ve bu nedenle kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in y\u00fczeysel hava h\u0131z\u0131 evrensel olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Minimum ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 hava h\u0131z\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131ma hatt\u0131 giri\u015f havas\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 gibi kritik de\u011ferler \u00e7o\u011funlukla deneyim ve deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Bu gibi durumlarda, kullan\u0131lan hava h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeysel de\u011feri bulunur.<\/p>\n

Pn\u00f6matik Ta\u015f\u0131mada\u00a0 Hava S\u0131k\u0131\u015fabilirli\u011fi<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Yaln\u0131zca bir boru hatt\u0131ndaki hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya tek fazl\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fta oldu\u011fu gibi, minimum hava iletim h\u0131z\u0131 de\u011ferinin muhafaza edilmesi ko\u015fuluyla, bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 fark\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda gaz-kat\u0131 bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 havayla malzeme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, ister pozitif bas\u0131n\u00e7 ister vakum ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi olsun, bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olacakt\u0131r. Hava s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir oldu\u011fundan, havan\u0131n hacimsel ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda malzeme besleme noktas\u0131ndan boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n sonundaki malzeme bo\u015faltma noktas\u0131na kademeli olarak artar. Tek bir boru hatt\u0131nda, ta\u015f\u0131ma havas\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu boyunca kademeli olarak artacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu, malzeme besleme noktas\u0131ndaki ta\u015f\u0131ma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n veya boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kritik de\u011feri oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131ma havas\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 de\u011feri, bu noktada en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olacakt\u0131r, tek bir boru hatt\u0131nda . Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, havan\u0131n gerekli hacimsel ak\u0131\u015f oran\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken, boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken ko\u015fuldur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir fan, \u00fcfleyici veya kompres\u00f6r se\u00e7imi muhtemelen pn\u00f6matik bir ta\u015f\u0131ma sisteminin tasar\u0131m\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken en \u00f6nemli kararlardan biridir. Genellikle sermaye harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tek kalemidir ve tesisin potansiyel nakil kapasitesi, yap\u0131lan do\u011fru se\u00e7ime ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Fan, \u00fcfleyici veya kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn derecesi, istenen besleme bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve sa\u011flanacak hacimsel ak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ifade edilir. Bu \u015fartnamedeki herhangi bir hata, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecelendirilmi\u015f, istenilen malzeme ak\u0131\u015f oran\u0131na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":328,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=327"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":330,"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327\/revisions\/330"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=327"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=327"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.teknoconvey.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}